The Brisbane Global Cafe, which is billed as a “pre-G20 thought-leadership forum”, is underway with “75 of the world’s sharpest, provocative and most innovative minds”.
The five themes for its two days of discussions are: Improving Human Life; Powering Future Economies; The Digital Age – Entrepreneurship & Innovation; Tourism’s New Frontiers; and Cities of the Future.
Public health expert Professsor Fran Baum – who is also tweeting this week for @WePublicHealth on the health implications of the G20 – shares below her presentation to the forum yesterday.
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By Fran Baum
I was asked to speak at the pre-G20 Brisbane Global Café on the theme of global health equity and given 5 minutes to do so!
I compiled a set of slides to help me do this. They may be useful to Croakey readers.
The first task was to remind people that the basic causes of unfair patterns of health, unfair access to health care and the conditions that make for health is the unfair distribution of power money and resources.
This situation leads to gross health inequities around the world whereby in countries like Australia and Japan people live to over 80 whereas in many African countries people barely make 50. There is no biological reason for this.
This unfair situation is reflected in the distribution of health services. The infrastructure we have in Australia is so much better than the infrastructure in poor countries like Liberia the epicentre of the Ebola epidemic.
Surely if Liberia had had the infrastructure and ratio of doctors to population that we have then the epidemic would have been curbed earlier.
Yet global health equity will not be solved by health services alone. It is crucial to bring attention to the living conditions that made people unhealthy in the first place.
It is senseless to treat illness and then send people back to the conditions that made them ill in the first place with improving those conditions.
A conservative estimates suggests that 25% of contribution to population health comes from health services. 50% comes from social and economic development and 10% from the physical environment.
This means attention to the social and economic determinants is vital.
Yet policy responses around the world typically only focus on the tip of the iceberg (Baum, 2009) and are directed at dealing with diseases and behaviours.
Meanwhile, the main drivers of health inequities lie below the iceberg and receive very little policy attention and resources compared to those at the tip.
One of the most important issues below the iceberg is the unequal distribution of wealth.
More epidemiological evidence (e.g. Wilkinson and Pickett, 2010) points to the ways in which more equal societies do better – they are healthier and score better on a range of measures of well-being.
This means the massive inequities shown in the next slide are very bad for health inequities. As economic inequities are growing, all evidence suggests this will increase health inequities in the future.
The Commission on the Social Determinants of Health spend three years reviewing the evidence on the social determinants of health inequities and made three headline recommendations that are important for the G20 to consider if they are interested in reducing health inequities.
I boiled down my message for the G20 to three points that are on the slide below.
The G20 could start discussion with the question: how can we provide the conditions to make the next generation of children hopeful, happy and healthy?
Then they could ask how can we change our health systems to ensure that they focus on prevention of disease and massively increase investment in prevention and health promotion?
The revenue for this can be raised by fair taxation and closing down tax havens and ensuring fair terms of trade.
This means ensuring that trade treaties are not only concerned with maximising profits but also with protecting and promoting population health and spreading the benefits of economic development.
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References
Fran Baum (2009) Editorial: More than the tip of the iceberg: health policies & research that go below the surface. Journal of Epidemiology & Community Health, 63:957. doi:10.1136/jech.2009.091595
Wilkinson, R. and K. Pickett (2009). The spirit level: Why more equal societies almost always do better. London, Penguin Books.
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• Stay tuned for further Croakey posts on health and the G20
Ahh…motherhood statements. Tis the season for it.
Forget about funding (or your statement 3)…you are never going to get any agreements on the re-distribution of global wealth and power. There will always be those that are less well off than others. That is the reality. Plus it dilutes your argument from one of providing for healthcare and throws in socialism (which turns people off)
What we should be doing is developing a cheap, highly replicable and adaptable model of healthcare that can be rolled out in the remote and developing world.
So it should be like a franchise…and should be based on the four pillars below.
1. Immunisation – To get rid of diseases
2. Nutrition – Food is such a big part of preventative health
3. Medication – Access to cheap medicines extremely important
4. Communication – The ability for remote paramedics, doctors to get access to knowledge/resources of the big cities.
5. Education – Of local health care professions.
You get those things right, you are well on your way to making universal health care a reality.
Ahh…more motherhood statements!
Scott, your four pillars are great. If they were to be implemented, you’d run into 2 problems.
1. How will this be funded? A user pays model would mean the people who need it wouldn’t have access to it (whether direct payments or insurance). Which leaves you with some form of government/third party paying, collecting money through taxes or something similar. Which brings you straight back to Fran Baum’s third recommendation.
2. Ultimately, set up the clinics using this model, and pretty soon, you’ll have health professionals saying “where are people going to get their food from,” “we need clean water supplies,” “we need infrastructure for sanitation,” “we need a regular electricity supply to maintain the cold chain,” “we need better economic conditions so people can get meaningful jobs.” As Fran Baum says, the clinics set up with this model will fight a consistently losing battle if the conditions people are living in are not changed.
Deciding that advocating on social determinants of health is too big or too hard is deciding to make our health systems less effective. It doesn’t mean we shouldn’t build clinics as suggested by Scott, but we do need to advocate for improved social and environmental conditions at the same time.