Informed, engaged communities for health

Filter by Categories
#PHAAThinkTank2023
Aged care
Budgets
Federal Budget 2023-2024
Federal Budget October 2022
Federal Budget 2022-23
Federal Budget 2021-22
Budget2020Health
Federal Budget 2020-21
Federal Budget 2019-20
Climate and health
National Health and Climate Strategy
#HealthyCOP28
Climate emergency
Heatwaves
Healthcare sustainability
#CoveringClimateNow
#HealthyCOP27
#HealthyCOP26
COVID collection
Long COVID
COVID-19
COVIDwrap
COVID SNAPS
#JusticeCOVID
Caring for the Frontline
COVIDglobalMHseries
Croakey Conference News Service
#GreenHealthForum23
#hpsymposium2023
#NMS23
#HEAL2023
#ASMIRT2023
#NSPC23
Our Democracy Forum
#AskMSF
#Lowitja2023
#16nrhc
#GreenHealthForum22
#Heal2022
#ICEM22
#NAISA22
#NNF2022
#RANZCP2022
#RethinkAddiction
#RTP22
Choosing Wisely National Meeting 2022
Equally Well 2022 Symposium
GiantSteps22
Croakey Professional Services
NHLF series
#KidneyCareTogether
ACSQHC series
ACSQHC series 2022
ACSQHC series 2021
ACSQHC series 2020
ACSQHC series 2019
CATSINaM 25 Years
Croakey projects
#CroakeyLIVE #DigitalNationBuilding
#CroakeyLIVE #VoiceForHealth
The Health Wrap
ICYMI
@WePublicHealth
@WePublicHealth2023
#CroakeyVOICES
#SpeakingOurMinds
Croakey longreads
#CroakeyREAD
CroakeyEXPLORE
#PHAAThinkTank 2022
Summer reading 2022-2023
CroakeyGO
#CroakeyGO #NavigatingHealth
#GamblingHarms
#HeatwaveHealth
Mapping CroakeyGo
Determinants of health
Environmental determinants of health
Social determinants of health
Discrimination
Racism
Justice and policing
Poverty
Newstart/JobSeeker
Education
Housing
Internet access
Justice Reinvestment
Social policy
Commercial determinants of health
fossil fuels
Alcohol
Digital platforms
Food and beverages
Sugar tax
Tobacco
Vaping
Plain packaging
Gambling
Pharmaceutical industry
Arms industry
Disasters and extreme weather events
Disasters
Extreme weather events
Bushfires
Bushfire-emergency 2019-2020
Floods 2023
Floods 2022
Floods 2021
Floods 2011
Donor-funded journalism
Donor-funded journalism – 2023
Donor-funded journalism – 2022
Donor-funded journalism – 2021
Donor-funded journalism – 2020
Elections
#NSWvotesHealth2023
Victorian election 2022
Federal Election 2022
The Election Wrap 2022
#QldVotesHealth
SA election 2022
WA election 2021
Tasmanian election 2021
First Nations
Indigenous health
Uluru Statement
The Voice
Community controlled sector
Cultural determinants of health
Cultural safety
Social and emotional wellbeing
Indigenous education
Lowitja Institute
NT Intervention
WA community closures
Acknowledgement
#CTG10
#NTRC
#RCIADIC30Years
General health matters
Consumer health matters
Cancer
Cardiovascular disease
Chronic conditions
Non communicable diseases
Diabetes
Oral health
Disabilities
Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders (FASD)
Genetics
Medical marijuana
Mental health
Suicide
Trauma
LGBTQIA+
HIV/AIDS
Women's health
HRT
Abortion
Men's health
Youth health
Child health
Pregnancy and childbirth
Organ transplants
Pain
Sexual health
Infectious diseases
Influenza
Mpox
Swine flu
Death and dying
Euthanasia
Global health matters
Global health
WHO
Conflict and war
Asylum seeker and refugee health
#WorldInTurmoil
Ebola
NHS
Health policy and systems
MyMedicare
Health reform
Workforce matters
Health financing and costs
Health regulation
Strengthening Medicare Taskforce 2022
Co-design
TGA
Royal Commissions
National Commission of Audit 2014
National Health Performance Authority
Pharmaceutical Benefits Scheme
Private health insurance
Healthcare
Primary healthcare
cohealth
Social prescribing
Rural and remote health
General practice
International medical graduates
Primary Health Networks
NDIS
Nursing and midwifery
Australian Medical Association
Allied healthcare
Pharmacy
Paramedics
Pathology
Naturopathy
Hospitals
Emergency departments and care
Palliative care
Safety and quality of healthcare
Adverse events
Choosing Wisely
Co-payments
Out of pocket costs
Complementary medicines
Conflicts of interest
Health ethics
Digital technology
Telehealth
E-health
Equally Well
Health Care Homes
Medicare Locals
MyHospitals website
Screening
Surgery
Tests
Media and health
Media-related issues
Public interest journalism
Misinformation and disinformation
Social media and healthcare
Health & medical marketing
The Conversation
Media Doctor Australia
News about Croakey
Public health and population health
Artificial intelligence
Public health
Prevention
Health inequalities
Human rights
Health in All Policies
Health impact assessment
Legal issues
Australian Centre for Disease Control
VicHealth
Health literacy
Health communications
Vaccination
Air pollution
Physical activity
Sport
Obesity
Road safety
Transport
Gun control
Illicit drugs
Injuries
Marriage equality
Occupational health
Violence
Weight loss products
#PreventiveHealthStrategy
#UnmetNeedsinPublicHealth
Government 2.0
Web 2.0
Nanny state
National Preventive Health Agency
Research matters
Health and medical research
#MRFFtransparency
Evidence-based issues
Cochrane Collaboration
Health and medical education
NHMRC
The Croakey Archives
#cripcroakey
#HealthEquity16
#HealthMatters
#IHMayDay (all years)
#IHMayDay 2014
#IHMayDay15
#IHMayday16
#IHMayDay17
#IHMayDay18
#LoveRural 2014
Croakey Conference News Service 2013 – 2021
2021 conferences
#21OPCC
#BackToTheFire
#FoodGovernance2021
#GiantSteps21
#GreenHealthForum21
#HealthClimateSolutions21
#HearMe21
#IndigenousClimateJustice21
#NNF2021
#RANZCP2021
#ShiftingGearsSummit
#ValueBasedCare
#WCepi2021
#YHFSummit
2020 conferences
#2020ResearchExcellence
#Govern4Health
#HealthReImagined
#SAHeapsUnfair
2019 Conferences
#ACEM19
#CPHCE19
#EquallyWellAust
#GiantSteps19
#HealthAdvocacyWIM
#KTthatWorks
#LowitjaConf2019
#MHAgeing
#NNF2019
#OKtoAsk2019
#RANZCOG19
#RANZCP2019
#ruralhealthconf
#VMIAC2019
#WHOcollabAHPRA
2018 conferences
#6rrhss
#ACEM18
#AHPA2018
#ATSISPC18
#CPHCE
#MHED18
#NDISMentalHealth
#Nurseforce
#OKToAsk2018
#RANZCOG18
#ResearchIntoPolicy
#VHAawards
#VMIACAwards18
#WISPC18
2017 conferences
#17APCC
#ACEM17
#AIDAconf2017
#BTH20
#CATSINaM17
#ClimateHealthStrategy
#IAHAConf17
#IDS17
#LBQWHC17
#LivingOurWay
#OKtoAskAu
#OTCC2017
#ResearchTranslation17
#TheMHS2017
#VMIACConf17
#WCPH2017
Australian Palliative Care Conference
2016 conferences
#AHHAsim16
#AHMRC16
#ANROWS2016
#ATSISPEP
#AusCanIndigenousWellness
#cphce2016
#CPHCEforum16
#CRANAplus2016
#IAMRA2016
#LowitjaConf2016
#PreventObesity16
#TowardsRecovery
#VMIAC16
#WearablesCEH
#WICC2016
2015 conferences
#CPHCEforum
#CRANAplus15
#HSR15
#NRHC15
#OTCC15
Population Health Congress 2015
2014 conferences
#IPCHIV14
AIDA Conference 2014
Congress Lowitja 2014
CRANAplus conference 2014
Cultural Solutions - Healing Foundation forum 2014
Lowitja Institute Continuous Quality Improvement conference 2014
National Suicide Prevention Conference 2014
Racism and children/youth health symposium 2014
Rural & Remote Health Scientific Symposium 2014
2013 conferences
Australian Centre for Health Services Innovation Forum 2013
Australian Health Promotion Association Conference 2013
Closing the Credibility Gap 2013
CRANAplus Conference 2013
FASD Conference 2013
Health Workforce Australia 2013
International Health Literacy Network Conference 2013
NACCHO Summit 2013
National Rural Health Conference 2013
Oceania EcoHealth Symposium 2013
PHAA conference 2013
Croakey Professional Services archive
#CommunityControl
#CommunityControl Twitter Festival
#COVIDthinktank21
Lowitja Indigenous knowledge translation series
Croakey projects archive
#CommunityMatters
#CroakeyFundingDrive 2022
#CroakeyLIVE #Budget2021Health
#CroakeyLIVE #USvotesHealth
#CroakeyLIVE Federal election 2022
#CroakeyYOUTH
#HousingJusticeAus
#IndigenousHealthSummit
#IndigenousNCDs
#JustClimate
#JustJustice
#LookingLocal
#OutOfPocket
#OutOfTheBox
#RuralHealthJustice
#TalkingTeeth
@WePublicHealth2022
@WePublicHealth2021
@WePublicHealth2020
AroundTheTraps
Croakey register of influence
Croakey Register of Influencers in Public Health
Croakey Register of Unreleased Documents
Gavin Mooney
Inside Story
Journal Watch
Naked Doctor
Poems of Public Health
Summer reading 2021-2022
Summer reading 2020-2021
Summer Reading 2019-2020
Summer Reading 2017-2018
Summer Reading 2016-2017
The Koori Woman
TOO MUCH of a Good Thing
Wonky Health
CroakeyGO archive 2017 – 2018
CroakeyGo 2018
#CroakeyGO #QuantumWords 2018
#CroakeyGO #VicVotes 2018
#CroakeyGO Albury 2018
#CroakeyGO Callan Park 2018
#CroakeyGO Carnarvon 2018
#CroakeyGO Marrickville 2018
#CroakeyGO Palm Island 2018
CroakeyGo 2017
#CroakeyGO Adelaide 2017
#CroakeyGO Melbourne 2017
#CroakeyGO Newcastle 2017
#CroakeyGO Sydney 2017
Elections and Budgets 2013 – 2019
#AusVotesHealth Twitter Festival 2019
#Health4NSW
Federal Election 2019
NSW Election 2019
Federal Budget 2018-19
Federal Budget 2017/18
NZ Election 2017
Federal Budget 2016-17
Federal Election 2016
#HealthElection16
NT Election 2016
Federal Budget 2015-16
Qld Election 2015
NSW Election 2015
Federal Budget 2014-15
Victorian Election 2014
Federal Budget 2013-14
Federal Election 2013
Federal Budget 2012-2013
Federal Budget 2011
Federal Budget 2010
Federal Election 2010
Federal Budget 2009-2010
Support non-profit public interest journalism
Filter by Categories
#PHAAThinkTank2023
Aged care
Budgets
Federal Budget 2023-2024
Federal Budget October 2022
Federal Budget 2022-23
Federal Budget 2021-22
Budget2020Health
Federal Budget 2020-21
Federal Budget 2019-20
Climate and health
National Health and Climate Strategy
#HealthyCOP28
Climate emergency
Heatwaves
Healthcare sustainability
#CoveringClimateNow
#HealthyCOP27
#HealthyCOP26
COVID collection
Long COVID
COVID-19
COVIDwrap
COVID SNAPS
#JusticeCOVID
Caring for the Frontline
COVIDglobalMHseries
Croakey Conference News Service
#GreenHealthForum23
#hpsymposium2023
#NMS23
#HEAL2023
#ASMIRT2023
#NSPC23
Our Democracy Forum
#AskMSF
#Lowitja2023
#16nrhc
#GreenHealthForum22
#Heal2022
#ICEM22
#NAISA22
#NNF2022
#RANZCP2022
#RethinkAddiction
#RTP22
Choosing Wisely National Meeting 2022
Equally Well 2022 Symposium
GiantSteps22
Croakey Professional Services
NHLF series
#KidneyCareTogether
ACSQHC series
ACSQHC series 2022
ACSQHC series 2021
ACSQHC series 2020
ACSQHC series 2019
CATSINaM 25 Years
Croakey projects
#CroakeyLIVE #DigitalNationBuilding
#CroakeyLIVE #VoiceForHealth
The Health Wrap
ICYMI
@WePublicHealth
@WePublicHealth2023
#CroakeyVOICES
#SpeakingOurMinds
Croakey longreads
#CroakeyREAD
CroakeyEXPLORE
#PHAAThinkTank 2022
Summer reading 2022-2023
CroakeyGO
#CroakeyGO #NavigatingHealth
#GamblingHarms
#HeatwaveHealth
Mapping CroakeyGo
Determinants of health
Environmental determinants of health
Social determinants of health
Discrimination
Racism
Justice and policing
Poverty
Newstart/JobSeeker
Education
Housing
Internet access
Justice Reinvestment
Social policy
Commercial determinants of health
fossil fuels
Alcohol
Digital platforms
Food and beverages
Sugar tax
Tobacco
Vaping
Plain packaging
Gambling
Pharmaceutical industry
Arms industry
Disasters and extreme weather events
Disasters
Extreme weather events
Bushfires
Bushfire-emergency 2019-2020
Floods 2023
Floods 2022
Floods 2021
Floods 2011
Donor-funded journalism
Donor-funded journalism – 2023
Donor-funded journalism – 2022
Donor-funded journalism – 2021
Donor-funded journalism – 2020
Elections
#NSWvotesHealth2023
Victorian election 2022
Federal Election 2022
The Election Wrap 2022
#QldVotesHealth
SA election 2022
WA election 2021
Tasmanian election 2021
First Nations
Indigenous health
Uluru Statement
The Voice
Community controlled sector
Cultural determinants of health
Cultural safety
Social and emotional wellbeing
Indigenous education
Lowitja Institute
NT Intervention
WA community closures
Acknowledgement
#CTG10
#NTRC
#RCIADIC30Years
General health matters
Consumer health matters
Cancer
Cardiovascular disease
Chronic conditions
Non communicable diseases
Diabetes
Oral health
Disabilities
Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders (FASD)
Genetics
Medical marijuana
Mental health
Suicide
Trauma
LGBTQIA+
HIV/AIDS
Women's health
HRT
Abortion
Men's health
Youth health
Child health
Pregnancy and childbirth
Organ transplants
Pain
Sexual health
Infectious diseases
Influenza
Mpox
Swine flu
Death and dying
Euthanasia
Global health matters
Global health
WHO
Conflict and war
Asylum seeker and refugee health
#WorldInTurmoil
Ebola
NHS
Health policy and systems
MyMedicare
Health reform
Workforce matters
Health financing and costs
Health regulation
Strengthening Medicare Taskforce 2022
Co-design
TGA
Royal Commissions
National Commission of Audit 2014
National Health Performance Authority
Pharmaceutical Benefits Scheme
Private health insurance
Healthcare
Primary healthcare
cohealth
Social prescribing
Rural and remote health
General practice
International medical graduates
Primary Health Networks
NDIS
Nursing and midwifery
Australian Medical Association
Allied healthcare
Pharmacy
Paramedics
Pathology
Naturopathy
Hospitals
Emergency departments and care
Palliative care
Safety and quality of healthcare
Adverse events
Choosing Wisely
Co-payments
Out of pocket costs
Complementary medicines
Conflicts of interest
Health ethics
Digital technology
Telehealth
E-health
Equally Well
Health Care Homes
Medicare Locals
MyHospitals website
Screening
Surgery
Tests
Media and health
Media-related issues
Public interest journalism
Misinformation and disinformation
Social media and healthcare
Health & medical marketing
The Conversation
Media Doctor Australia
News about Croakey
Public health and population health
Artificial intelligence
Public health
Prevention
Health inequalities
Human rights
Health in All Policies
Health impact assessment
Legal issues
Australian Centre for Disease Control
VicHealth
Health literacy
Health communications
Vaccination
Air pollution
Physical activity
Sport
Obesity
Road safety
Transport
Gun control
Illicit drugs
Injuries
Marriage equality
Occupational health
Violence
Weight loss products
#PreventiveHealthStrategy
#UnmetNeedsinPublicHealth
Government 2.0
Web 2.0
Nanny state
National Preventive Health Agency
Research matters
Health and medical research
#MRFFtransparency
Evidence-based issues
Cochrane Collaboration
Health and medical education
NHMRC
The Croakey Archives
#cripcroakey
#HealthEquity16
#HealthMatters
#IHMayDay (all years)
#IHMayDay 2014
#IHMayDay15
#IHMayday16
#IHMayDay17
#IHMayDay18
#LoveRural 2014
Croakey Conference News Service 2013 – 2021
2021 conferences
#21OPCC
#BackToTheFire
#FoodGovernance2021
#GiantSteps21
#GreenHealthForum21
#HealthClimateSolutions21
#HearMe21
#IndigenousClimateJustice21
#NNF2021
#RANZCP2021
#ShiftingGearsSummit
#ValueBasedCare
#WCepi2021
#YHFSummit
2020 conferences
#2020ResearchExcellence
#Govern4Health
#HealthReImagined
#SAHeapsUnfair
2019 Conferences
#ACEM19
#CPHCE19
#EquallyWellAust
#GiantSteps19
#HealthAdvocacyWIM
#KTthatWorks
#LowitjaConf2019
#MHAgeing
#NNF2019
#OKtoAsk2019
#RANZCOG19
#RANZCP2019
#ruralhealthconf
#VMIAC2019
#WHOcollabAHPRA
2018 conferences
#6rrhss
#ACEM18
#AHPA2018
#ATSISPC18
#CPHCE
#MHED18
#NDISMentalHealth
#Nurseforce
#OKToAsk2018
#RANZCOG18
#ResearchIntoPolicy
#VHAawards
#VMIACAwards18
#WISPC18
2017 conferences
#17APCC
#ACEM17
#AIDAconf2017
#BTH20
#CATSINaM17
#ClimateHealthStrategy
#IAHAConf17
#IDS17
#LBQWHC17
#LivingOurWay
#OKtoAskAu
#OTCC2017
#ResearchTranslation17
#TheMHS2017
#VMIACConf17
#WCPH2017
Australian Palliative Care Conference
2016 conferences
#AHHAsim16
#AHMRC16
#ANROWS2016
#ATSISPEP
#AusCanIndigenousWellness
#cphce2016
#CPHCEforum16
#CRANAplus2016
#IAMRA2016
#LowitjaConf2016
#PreventObesity16
#TowardsRecovery
#VMIAC16
#WearablesCEH
#WICC2016
2015 conferences
#CPHCEforum
#CRANAplus15
#HSR15
#NRHC15
#OTCC15
Population Health Congress 2015
2014 conferences
#IPCHIV14
AIDA Conference 2014
Congress Lowitja 2014
CRANAplus conference 2014
Cultural Solutions - Healing Foundation forum 2014
Lowitja Institute Continuous Quality Improvement conference 2014
National Suicide Prevention Conference 2014
Racism and children/youth health symposium 2014
Rural & Remote Health Scientific Symposium 2014
2013 conferences
Australian Centre for Health Services Innovation Forum 2013
Australian Health Promotion Association Conference 2013
Closing the Credibility Gap 2013
CRANAplus Conference 2013
FASD Conference 2013
Health Workforce Australia 2013
International Health Literacy Network Conference 2013
NACCHO Summit 2013
National Rural Health Conference 2013
Oceania EcoHealth Symposium 2013
PHAA conference 2013
Croakey Professional Services archive
#CommunityControl
#CommunityControl Twitter Festival
#COVIDthinktank21
Lowitja Indigenous knowledge translation series
Croakey projects archive
#CommunityMatters
#CroakeyFundingDrive 2022
#CroakeyLIVE #Budget2021Health
#CroakeyLIVE #USvotesHealth
#CroakeyLIVE Federal election 2022
#CroakeyYOUTH
#HousingJusticeAus
#IndigenousHealthSummit
#IndigenousNCDs
#JustClimate
#JustJustice
#LookingLocal
#OutOfPocket
#OutOfTheBox
#RuralHealthJustice
#TalkingTeeth
@WePublicHealth2022
@WePublicHealth2021
@WePublicHealth2020
AroundTheTraps
Croakey register of influence
Croakey Register of Influencers in Public Health
Croakey Register of Unreleased Documents
Gavin Mooney
Inside Story
Journal Watch
Naked Doctor
Poems of Public Health
Summer reading 2021-2022
Summer reading 2020-2021
Summer Reading 2019-2020
Summer Reading 2017-2018
Summer Reading 2016-2017
The Koori Woman
TOO MUCH of a Good Thing
Wonky Health
CroakeyGO archive 2017 – 2018
CroakeyGo 2018
#CroakeyGO #QuantumWords 2018
#CroakeyGO #VicVotes 2018
#CroakeyGO Albury 2018
#CroakeyGO Callan Park 2018
#CroakeyGO Carnarvon 2018
#CroakeyGO Marrickville 2018
#CroakeyGO Palm Island 2018
CroakeyGo 2017
#CroakeyGO Adelaide 2017
#CroakeyGO Melbourne 2017
#CroakeyGO Newcastle 2017
#CroakeyGO Sydney 2017
Elections and Budgets 2013 – 2019
#AusVotesHealth Twitter Festival 2019
#Health4NSW
Federal Election 2019
NSW Election 2019
Federal Budget 2018-19
Federal Budget 2017/18
NZ Election 2017
Federal Budget 2016-17
Federal Election 2016
#HealthElection16
NT Election 2016
Federal Budget 2015-16
Qld Election 2015
NSW Election 2015
Federal Budget 2014-15
Victorian Election 2014
Federal Budget 2013-14
Federal Election 2013
Federal Budget 2012-2013
Federal Budget 2011
Federal Budget 2010
Federal Election 2010
Federal Budget 2009-2010

What can Australia learn from the United States when establishing the new Centre for Disease Control?

Introduction by Croakey: A report will soon be released that summarises feedback about the Federal Government’s plans to establish an Australian Centre for Disease Control (ACDC).

In a statement to Croakey today, the Federal Department of Health and Aged Care said the report would compile feedback to a discussion paper released last November outlining the roles and functions of an ACDC and suggesting 28 questions for consideration.

The Department said it had been undertaking targeted consultation to inform the scope, powers and structure of the Australian CDC since November, “to ensure a fit-for-purpose design that avoids duplication and maximises public health outcomes”.

“The Department continues to work closely across the Commonwealth and with states and territories on the design of the Australian CDC,” the statement said.

Meanwhile, all eyes will be on the Federal Budget in May, as allocations to the Centre over the next few years will be critical for determining its scope and ambitions.

“The budget for the ACDC needs to be in the hundreds, not tens of millions of dollars, and the legislation that creates it needs to ensure it can function effectively long into the future including through periods when Executive Government does not prioritise public health,” the CEO of the Public Health Association of Australia, Adjunct Professor Terry Slevin, said recently.

Writing for the PHAA’s InTouch publication, Slevin said he expected the ACDC to incorporate the roles of the Communicable Diseases Network Australia and Public Health Laboratory Network, to tackle “the tsunami of chronic disease” (as covered in a recent Grattan Institute report, ‘Highway to Health’), and to lead enactment of the National Preventive Health Strategy, to tackle issues like alcohol, tobacco, and obesity.

“This year will be pivotal, with ramifications for public health infrastructure for decades,” Slevin said. “This is genuinely a once-in-a-lifetime chance to get this right.”

Meanwhile, senior public health experts, drawing upon their experiences of previously working with the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention in the United States, share some suggestions for a National Centre for Disease Prevention and Control (NCDPC) below.


Mike Toole, Hammad Ali, Craig Dalton, Michael Dibley, Marion Kainer and George Rubin write:

The authors have all worked at the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). We wish to share the lessons we learned while working there and our ongoing observations of the agency.

We endorse the OzSage position paper, which proposes a broad mandate and an emphasis on prevention for what they refer to as a National Centre for Disease Prevention and Control (NCDPC), a term we will use in this article.

While the pandemic has highlighted the need for an NCDPC, we should not establish it in haste.  In establishing an NCDPC, it will be essential to win the confidence of all jurisdictions and giving it too much regulatory authority may dissuade them.

It will need the capacity to address Australia’s most pressing health problems and be supported by expert networks. These include communicable and chronic diseases, reproductive health, environmental and occupational health, injuries, and mental health.

It should be independent of political influence. To avoid such interference, we believe that the best arrangement for an NCDPC would be a statutory body established by legislation with an independent Board of Management, which would appoint the director.

Its role in capacity building should be in close collaboration with universities and other specialist agencies and not in competition.

While the US CDC is based in Atlanta for historical reasons, to have credibility across the country, the Australian NCDPC headquarters should be in the capital Canberra, although it could have specialty nodes in other cities.

The movement for a national CDC

During the COVID-19 pandemic, there have been frequent calls for a national centre for disease control. Back in October 2020, Prime Minister Anthony Albanese pledged that a Labor Government would establish such a body.

Prior to the pandemic, the Australian Medical Association called for the establishment of a National CDC in 2017. An article in MJA Insight in April 2022 also proposed a similar body, while focusing on its role in preventing and responding to future pandemics.

This indeed would be a critical role. In a future pandemic an NCDPC could enhance a number of core pandemic response tasks, such as:

  • Standardising surveillance and reporting
  • Quickly commissioning relevant research and modelling and sharing the findings with the public
  • Providing up-to-date information to the states and territories on the evidence for mitigating interventions
  • Developing a nationally consistent communications strategy on all aspects of the pandemic
  • Promoting a traffic light system by states and territories at the public health unit level to guide the introduction of mitigating interventions rather than doing so at the state and territory level. This system has been used in a number of EU countries, including Germany.

However, to best serve the nation’s health priorities, the mandate of an NCDPC should span communicable and chronic diseases, reproductive health, environmental and occupational health, injuries and mental health.

One of the most active bodies promoting an NCDPC has been the Public Health Association of Australia, which has published 11 papers on their website covering many elements of the future agency.

One paper that we wholly endorse is that the Centre should take a One Health approach that incorporates human public health, veterinary medicine, and agricultural and environmental science. This is already national policy in Australia at the Health and Agriculture departmental levels.

Short history of the US CDC

The agency is the successor to the Public Health Service’s Malaria Control in War Areas (MCWA), established in 1942 to protect soldiers during basic training in the US Southeast, where malaria was endemic. Opening in 1946, the Communicable Disease Center, based in Atlanta, built upon the work of MCWA.

In 1970, the name was changed to the Center for Disease Control, reflecting the expansion of its mandate beyond communicable diseases, and in 1992 it became the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, retaining the CDC abbreviation.

Lesson for a federated Australia

While federal wartime powers established the MCWA, the continued effectiveness of the US CDC has relied on ongoing support by the states and territories. This support derives from the US CDC providing a technical service.

US CDC can only send staff to help investigate a disease outbreak if the relevant jurisdiction issues an invitation and articles about local investigations in the US CDC flagship weekly publication MMWR are always co-authored by state and county health officials.

The US CDC has very limited regulatory authority, including regulating cruise ships sailing from US ports and incoming migrants and refugees. Dr Neal Blewett, the Minister of Health in the Hawke Government, visited the US CDC in 1992 (and met co-author MT), then attempted to set up a national CDC in Australia but failed due to lack of support by the states and territories.

In establishing an NCDPC, it will be essential to win the confidence of those jurisdictions and giving it too much regulatory authority may dissuade them.

Scope of a CDC mandate

The US CDC has nine centres whose responsibilities range from specific diseases (for example, HIV, hepatitis, and TB) to environmental and occupational health, chronic diseases, reproductive health, injuries and global health. An NCDPC should have the capacity to address all conditions that have a major impact on the burden of disease in Australia, including mental health.

The US CDC has long been a key partner in global health and has made major contributions to smallpox eradication, HIV/AIDS, malaria control, and the response to the Ebola epidemic in West Africa.

In addition to epidemics, CDC has a long history of technical assistance in conflict and refugee associated health emergencies since the Nigerian Civil War in the 1960s. Many senior World Health Organization staff have a history of leadership roles at the CDC.

An Australian NCDPC should facilitate expert technical advice through the Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade on health development programs and emergency responses while focusing on the Indo-Pacific region. This should be done in partnership with the Indo-Pacific Centre for Health Security, which employs a One Health approach to development assistance in the region.

Governance and financing

The US CDC is a component of the Department of Health and Human Services and reports to its Secretary. The President directly appoints the CDC director. This arrangement may encourage political influence which can potentially lead to guidance and/or action contradictory to scientific evidence.

While the best arrangement for an NCDPC would be a statutory body established by legislation with an independent Board of Management, the NCDPC would require significant financial support by the Federal Government, preferably supplemented by the state and territory governments. This should be a priority consideration in preparing the upcoming May budget.

This is a significant undertaking which will take years of recruitment and significant investment. Based on a simple comparison of percent of budget apportioned to the US CDC (0.12% of the federal budget), the budget for an Australian NCDPC would need to run to several hundred million dollars.

The US CDC has several independent advisory committees, including the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices. An NCDPC should follow this practice and could include certain existing groups, such as the Australian Technical Advisory Group on Immunisation. That would require an excellent working relationship with the Australian Health Protection Principal Committee, with its representation by federal, state and territory chief health officers.

Role in capacity building

The US CDC established its signature field epidemiology fellowship, known as the Epidemic Intelligence Service (EIS), in 1951. It has also played a major role in training laboratory scientists and establishing standards for the country’s public health laboratories. Another example of capacity building is the innovative sentinel surveillance for emerging infectious diseases.

The Field Epidemiology Training Program (FETP), an adaptation of the EIS training model, had its first iteration in Thailand in 1980 but has since been implemented in 80 countries. FETP trainees spend 75 percent of the program in field positions. The FETP has led to the creation of numerous national and regional disease centres, including the China CDC , the European CDC and the Africa CDC.

In 1991, the US CDC helped to establish the Master of Applied Epidemiology at the Australian National University, a program that has trained hundreds of Australian and Pacific Islander field epidemiologists. Furthermore, in 1991 NSW Health set up its epidemiology branch and public health officer training program modelled on CDC structures and the EIS program.

Given that context and the fact that many Australian universities now have Schools of Public Health and post-graduate epidemiology and public health courses, the role of an NCDPC in capacity building should be in close collaboration with universities and not in competition.

In summary

While the pandemic has highlighted the need for an NCDPC, we should not establish it in haste.

It requires extensive consultation with states, territories, universities, and institutes with the relevant expertise. It will need the capacity to address Australia’s most pressing health problems and be supported by expert networks. It should be independent of political influence.

To have credibility across the country, the headquarters should be in Canberra, although it could have specialty nodes in other cities.

Author details

Professor Mike Toole, Burnet Institute and Monash University
Adjunct Associate Professor Hammad Ali, University of Queensland and University of New South Wales
Conjoint Associate Professor Craig Dalton, University of Newcastle
Professor Michael Dibley, University of Sydney
Adjunct Assistant Professor Marion Kainer, Western Health (Victoria) and Vanderbilt University
Adjunct Professor George Rubin, University of Sydney


Read more about the US CDC in the latest edition of The Health Wrap