Introduction by Croakey: The World Health Organization calls climate change a “threat multiplier”, undermining and potentially reversing decades of progress on public health.
This year in Europe the first summer heatwave arrived early, pushing temperatures in parts of Spain above 45C and causing an estimated 2,300 deaths.
So what are we doing about it in Australia? A new study has compiled the first database on action by government, industry and local groups to adapt to climate change.
While Australia lags many other countries, the authors identified more than 700 initiatives, of which more than 40 percent were relevant to health and social support.
Projects include reducing urban heat through tree planting, improving disaster preparation and monitoring air quality. Some are location specific, such as tackling mosquito-borne diseases in northern New South Wales
But many of these projects are still in the research or knowledge building phase, and the authors make clear the heavy lifting on climate adaptation is still to come.
The article below was first published in The Conversation.
Tia Brullo, Elissa Waters, Jon Barnett and Sarah Boulter write:
Australia’s climate is changing. To avoid catastrophic disruptions from successive supercharged disasters, society must adapt. But change takes time and it’s not always clear how much progress we’re making.
We wanted to find out what Australia’s governments, industries and local groups are doing to adapt to climate change. Our work culminated in the Australian Adaptation Database, which captures more than 700 initiatives so far.
Standout examples from this first national stocktake include Ramblers Reef in Victoria – an artificial reef of rocks and shells 500 metres offshore that has helped reduce coastal erosion. In Adelaide, urban cooling and greening projects are transforming the city and suburbs across 17 councils .
Our project shows climate adaptation is happening in Australia, but there’s plenty of room for improvement. The more society can do now to prepare for change, the better off we’ll be in the long run.
Keeping track
Australia is lagging behind many other nations when it comes to managing climate action. The Federal Government is yet to release its first national adaptation plan, while other countries are up to their third or fourth versions.
Why track Australia’s progress in climate adaptation? First, it enables progress to be reported efficiently to governments and international bodies such as the United Nations.
The database also helps people share knowledge. Anyone striving to improve their resilience to climate change can look to the database for ideas and inspiration.
The data was mainly gathered from conversations we had with people in state and territory government departments, local government associations, not-for-profit organisations and private companies across Australia.
The database was presented at the national Climate Adaptation 2025 conference in Perth, running from July 23-25.
The project shows the vast range of ways Australians are preparing for a warmer world. Examples include:
- planting trees to cool cities such as Adelaide and rural towns such as Birchip in Victoria
- building artificial reefs to protect the coastline on the Bellarine Peninsula near Geelong
- changing land use on the Sunshine Coast and building levee banks to better manage flood risks in Roma, Queensland
- restoring and rejuvenating the environment to reduce the impact of drought in Mulloon, New South Wales or flood risk in Brisbane
- moving houses and businesses from hazardous locations such as Grantham in Queensland’s Lockyer Valley, and land swaps in South Murwillumbah.
Anyone can explore and search the database. It’s not an exhaustive record of all climate adaptation in Australia, but provides more detail than ever before. It’s constantly being updated as new examples are added.
But the database is only as good as the information we feed into it, so we need everyone to contribute. All you need to do is hit the “submit an entry” button on the homepage to get started.
Government and industry
Much work to date in climate adaptation has involved laying the foundations for practical actions.
For example, South Australia’s Climate Ready Coasts program aims to improve planning for coastal hazards. This joint effort between state and local governments make sense, given both have a role to play, and it helps ensure adaptation actions are efficient and coordinated.
At the federal level, the Australian Government has focused on funding for national disasters such as the Future Drought Fund. Another example, the Infrastructure Betterment Fund, involves making roads, rail, bridges and other infrastructure more resilient to climate change.
Australia is yet to release its first National Adaptation Plan. This document is expected to clarify the federal role in climate adaptation.
The private sector is beginning to adapt to climate change. Examples include:
- relocating wine grape production to more suitable climates
- creating new fireproof home designs
- improving building standards, so properties are more resilient to extremes
- preparing guidelines for the financial sector, to better manage the risk to investments
- planning more climate-resilient property developments
- adopting new farming technologies and supporting more regenerative agriculture.
We also found extensive efforts to communicate and share information about adapting to change.
Such activities include knowledge building for organisations and communities through workshops, training sessions and simulation games.
Examples include Western Australia’s “being waterwise in the home” tips, and Hobart’s Sparking Conversations, Igniting Action Program for bushfire preparedness. These activities help lay the groundwork for practical action.
Funding needed
Our research shows the policy and governance mechanisms to drive adaptation are largely in place. The knowledge and networks to support meaningful action are gradually being developed.
But the next “heavy lifting” phase – putting plans into action – is yet to begin in earnest.
There’s a clear need to channel funding to those best placed to deliver frontline projects and programs, especially local governments and community organisations.
The Australian Local Government Association is calling for a A$400 million climate adaptation fund to support Australian councils to deliver place-based adaptation actions.
Last year, the Australian Council of Social Services called for a $2 billion investment in a national housing retrofit program to make Australia’s 670,000 low-income houses cooler in summer to reduce illness and death from extreme temperatures. Neither of these calls has been answered.
This research is part of a three-year project exploring how to encourage and promote best practice in adapting to climate change across Australia.
The next step is to measure progress around climate adaptation, which is difficult and rarely done – even though it’s required under the Paris Agreement.
The good news is Australia has made a start, but there is much more to do to ensure the wellbeing of our country through a changing climate.
• This article was first published under the headline, ‘How are Australians adapting to climate change? Here are 729 ways’.
Author details
Tia Brullo, a Research Fellow in Climate Change Adaptation at The University of Melbourne receives funding from the National Environmental Science Program Climate Systems Hub Project Number CS2.1
Dr Elissa Waters, a Lecturer in Human Geography at Monash University, receives funding from the National Environmental Science Program Climate Systems Hub Project Number CS2.1 and Australian Climate Service.
Professor Jon Barnett, Professor, School of Geography at The University of Melbourne, receives funding from the National Environmental Science Program Climate Systems Hub Project Number CS2.1
Associate Professor Sarah Boulter, Associate Professor of Climate Adaptation at the University of Tasmania, receives funding from the National Environmental Science Program Climate Systems Hub.
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